Tariffs, Tariffs, Tariffs 

Written By Denis Rezendes, CFA

With the stroke of a pen, President Trump sent the effective tariff rate on U.S. imports to the highest level in over 100 years. Markets sold off sharply, with U.S. stocks leading the declines among major markets. Interest rates fell, and the market now expects more easing from the Federal Reserve in 2025. The Fed may find it challenging to cut aggressively without a further decline in inflation. CEOs are feeling less confident about the near-term business environment. International assets outperformed during the first quarter, but there’s been little change in the underlying fundamentals. American’s views on foreign trade may surprise you.

 

1. Putting opinions on the effectiveness of tariffs aside, it’s clear that this represents a paradigm change in global trade:

line chart showing the effective tariff rate from 1890 to april 2025 as a percentage
Source: Capital Economics

2. International equities fell less than U.S. equities in local currency, and the falling Dollar provided an additional boost:

column chart showing the percentage change of various asset classes after tariff announcement including S&P 500 futures, euro stoxx 50 futures, MSCI asia pacific, bloomberg dollar spot index, pound, euro and yen
Source: @markets Read full article

3. The market now expects three rate cuts in 2025:

line chart showing Fed Funds Effective Rate vs Market Pricing for YE2025 Fed funds rate from august 2024 to march 2025
Source: @TheTerminal, Bloomberg Finance L.P.

4. Manufacturing surveys suggest we may see a bout of goods inflation:

a line chart showing inflation metrics including prices received indexes of regional fed man, S&P Global Manufacturing PMI ISM manufacturing prices index and CPI cored goods ex autos year over year
Source: Pantheon Macroeconomics

5. CEO confidence is currently materially lower than at any point during the first Trump administration, and slightly worse than the 2022 nadir during the Biden administration:

line chart showing CEO confidence 1 year from now and SPX 1 year ATM volume 1 month average inverse
Source: Goldman Sachs; @dailychartbook

6. The lack of confidence is reflected in some of the more forward-looking components of recent ISM Manufacturing PMIs:

line chart showing the ISM Manufacturing PMI new orders from 2017 to 2025
Source: The Daily Shot 4/2/2025

 

Line chart showing ISM Manufacturing PMI unemployment from 2017 to 2025
Source: The Daily Shot 4/2/2025

7. The significance of one quarter of underperformance for U.S. stocks highlights how dominant they have been over the past decade:

column Chart showing S&P 500 index minus the ACWI All country index returns from 2007 to march 2025
Source: @markets Read full article

8. Increased government spending could be a real catalyst for continued European outperformance, but it will take time for the impact to flow through to earnings:

line chart showing Euro area vs us equity prices, 12 month forward PE and 12 month forward EPS
Source: BCA Research

9. American’s overwhelmingly view foreign trade as an opportunity for economic growth:

line chart showing americans views of foreign trade when asked if they see foreign trade as an opportunity for american growth or a threat from foreign exports
Source: @Gallup

 

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